Babylon the Great (23 of 40) - Greece

libermundus.org Music by Cantoma and Maria Padadopoulou In case anyone is wondering why Athens is the only city included in the video, and what all the references to Dan are about, I want to make sure that no one else gets the credit for the Danaans' destruction of Troy in antiquity, and implicitly point out the reason for it, which is that Danaans were on the "good" side of this conflict, contrary to the very long and well-established Roman tradition which portrays them as vile and belligerent. This notion only has its origin in Homer who, unlike contemporary students and scholars, properly distinguished between the Achaeans or Argives who were the heroes of the Greek side, and the Mycenaeans who were much more closely related to the Phoenicians and Minoans than the Achaeans. The reason mainstream opinion sides with the Trojans against the Greeks (evidenced by every generation of Hollywood portrayals) is that the Greeks were led by the Mycenaean king Agamemnon, but even after his brother Menelaus came to rule Sparta (at this time an Argive settlement) the Spartans were still regarded as noble and virtuous. Most of the significant cities of Greece (including Sparta) have nothing to do with the globalization agenda because they were originally built by the Danaans or the Dorians who took their place. The exceptions are the Athenian states and those which ultimately came under the jurisdiction of Athens prior to the Peloponnesian War--what may be called the Delian League ...

Ten Important Places in Greece That You Have to Visit

Greece has always been a favorite tourist destination of visitors from all over the world. Not only are they fascinated by the many historical buildings that Greece has, but the visitors are also mesmerized by its history. This is, as we all know, the land where the gods and goddesses once walked on earth.

1.) Acropolis

If you are going to Greece, then surely the Acropolis is in your top ten list because this is a very great historical site in the country. Here, you can see the Temple of Athena called the Panthenon. The perfect hour to visit the Acropolis is in the late afternoon, or you can even visit it early in the morning when it is not as crowded.

2.) Athens' National Archeological Museum

In this museum, you will surely have a wonderful time looking at artifacts from the ancient periods of Greece. You will surely marvel at the beauty of those kouroi statues. If you want to see some Egyptian artifacts, there is also some on exhibit here.

3.) The Temple of Poseidon

Once you reach the cliff top where this temple is located, prepare yourself for the magnificence of this ancient structure. From this vantage point, you will also see the blue waters of the Aegean Sea. There is also a restaurant here where you can have a quick snack.

4.) The Island of Santorini

Almost every one of us has been captivated by the story of the Lost Atlantis. Well, it is said that the Island of Santorini is the Atlantis. Enjoy its history as you walk along the site where the city of Akrotiri was once buried and imagine yourself during that time.

5.) Mykonos Island

If you are tired of old buildings and in need of some modern relaxation, then head on to Mykonos Island. It is a popular tourist destination with lots of modern restaurants as well as trendy bars and discos. There are also nude beaches in the island, perfect for those who want a perfect tan.

6.) Epidaurus Theatre

You can see this ancient theatre in the Peloponnese Peninsula. The best time of the year to visit this though is during the Epidaurus Festival in the summertime. You will surely love the plays and orchestras here.

7.) Mycenae Fortress

Majority of the golds and silvers that are being displayed in the National Archeological Museum came from this site. Here, you will see beautifully carved stone walls, like the gate were two lions are carved, as well as majestic tomb shafts. You can also have a quick snack in this site's snack bar.

8.) Crete Island

You should definitely visit this place. Here, drop by Matala if you want fantastic beaches as well as energetic nightlife. Visit also Gortyn and the Phaistos Palace, or better yet, visit the Heraklion Archeological Museum for more fascinating history about this island.

9.) Knossos Palace

This is an ancient Minoan Palace that attracts a lot of visitors yearly. Here, you will surely feel how the ancient Greeks lived before. Be in awe also of the many rooms this palace contains as well as be enthralled with the beautiful statues that are still in the palace.

10.) Corfu

In this area, you can visit the Spianada where you can take a leisurely walk as you stroll along the cafes. You can also visit the fortresses that had protected this island from invaders those many years ago, and you can also visit the Saint Spyridon Church. One more place that you have to see in Corfu is the grotto that can be found in the island's cliffs, and anybody who ever sees it will marvel at the beauty of the place.

Jonathan Williams is the travel writer for Destination Guide TV - the place to share travel videos [http://www.destinationguide.tv]. Visit [http://www.destinationguide.tv/greece] to view or share Greece travel videos [http://www.destinationguide.tv/greece].

Best Places To See in Greece & Greek Islands

Greece has an ancient culture that exists on extensive coastlines and islands. The mainland of the country is mountainous; however, the country has lots of islands most of which lie in the Aegean Sea. The wealth and diversity of the Greek seas, the Greek coasts and the hundreds of Greek islands are charming. Not only the beauty of Greece's landscapes but also the ancient heritage of this country attracts attention. The countryside shifts from mountains to valleys and these form a list of things to do for the travellers.
Some major cities in Greece are Athens, Crete, Attica, Santorini, Mikonos, Corfu, Olympia, Thessaloniki, Rhodes, Chania, Kos, Thessaloniki, Patras, Heraklion.
Athens is the capital of Greece. It has a cultural, political and touristic importance. The city houses many must-see places. Among the top tourist attractions of Greece there are; The Acropolis and the Parthenon, The Agora, National Archaeological Museum, Syntagma Square, The Plaka, Cape Sounion and the Temple of Poseidon, Athens Olympic Stadium, Lycabettus Hill, The Byzantine Museum, The National Garden, the Triumphal Arch of Galerius at Thessaloniki, Vergina. The Acropolis is a historical site which has a world wide fame. The ancient periods of Greece can be seen in Athens' National Archeological Museum.
The monasteries of Meteora are among the most popular travel destinations in the world. Rhodes has always been an important port through the history. Crete presents visitors myths, legends and history with a beautiful landscape. Popular attractions of Crete are the Minoan Palace of Knossos and the Gorge of Samaria. Acrocorinth in the city of Corinth is a place to see.
Greece is full of archaeological sites and monuments which reflect the history of itself. The visitors are mesmerized by this history. Greece is regarded as the place of the gods and goddesses once touched the earth. Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae, Archaeological Site of Delphi, Mount Athos, Monasteries of Meteora, Mystras, Delos, Corfu, The Palace of Knossos, White Tower, Archeological Museum of Thessaloniki, Byzantine Museum, Ancient Thira, Ancient Akrotiri, The Museum of Prehistoric Thera, Acropolis of Lindos are among places to see.
Endless kilometres of the Greek coasts and beautiful beaches are also charming. Beaches stretch over many kilometres. The clean and transparent waters are popular all over the world. In summer, the beaches of Greece are at the top of the list of attractions. Some of the names of these beaches are Crete, Corfu, Amorgos, Ios, Milos, Paros, Serifos, Kithnos.
Festivals, especially Hellenic Festival, of Greece are very popular. Festivals present world class music, theatre performances and more. Greece offer a wide variety of local wines. Birdwatching at the Nestos Delta and Prespa Lakes are popular.
Greece is also a mountainous country. Mt Olympus, known from Greek mythology as the abode of the gods, is the highest mountain in the country. Mount Pasnasso is also another popular one. Hiking and climbing are among available activities in Greece. Greece is known as the birthplace of the Olympic Games. Museum of the Olympic Games is a place to see by the travellers.
There are many places suitable for different activities to do in Greece. In order to have idea about Greece and its attractions, you can visit Travelovideo and watch the videos of the country.

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Gokhan Ozbal is the travel writer for Travelovideo.com - the place to watch travel videos online for free. Visit Travelovideo.com to view Greece & Greek Islands travel videos and places to visit in Greece.

Ancient Ruins, Monuments and Civilizations of Greece

Greece is known for white-washed buildings with blue-domed roofs, white sands and turquoise waters, ancient architecture and breath-taking scenery. Which islands to visit can pose a dilemma, how does one choose just one Greek Island? If the thought of meandering through ancient monuments that have stood there for centuries, following in the footsteps of Caesar and Cleopatra or seeing sites from ancient civilizations has you eager to start your Greek Islands holidays, then the following list, in no particular order, of the top 5 ancient monuments in Greece, might help in deciding.

1. Acropolis - Probably the most famous landmark in Greece, the Acropolis was built about 2,500 years ago and has become a symbol of Athens. The Acropolis is made up of several temples. The most famous temple, as well as the largest Doric Temple, is the Parthenon which was dedicated to the Greek Goddess, Athena. Among other sights that visitors can see at this UNESCO World Heritage Site are the Temple of Athena Nike and the Acropolis Museum.

2. Temple of Olympian Zeus - Construction of this colossal temple started somewhere in the 6th century BC and was completed 638 years later. Out of the original 104 columns, 15 still stand today (with Corinthian capitals) with one (the 16th) lying in pieces from a storm in 1852. The columns of this Greco-Roman Temple measure 17 meters in length.

3. Arch of Hadrian - Made of Pentelic Marble, it is believed that the Arch was built to celebrate the arrival of Emperor Hadrian who made many charitable donations to the city of Athens. There is no mortar or cement in the construction of the Arch. Instead, the stones are held together with clamps. It stands 18 meters high and was built around 131 AD.

4. Theatre of Dionysus - Built somewhere around 600 BC, this outdoor theatre is located within the Acropolis and seats 20,000 people. It is the oldest theatre in Greece and honors the Dionysus; God of wine and fertility as well as a patron of drama.

5. Delphi Ruins - Considered one of the most significant relics of Greece, settlements have been discovered at the Delphi Ruins that date back to the Neolithic Era. Visitors to the site can see the Temple of Apollo, the Sanctuary of Athena and the Delphi Ruins Archeological Museum. Other sites to consider on Greek Islands holidays include the Meteora, the ruins in Ancient Mycenae, the Dirou Caves and Mount Olympus.

Cornelius Marsh is an independent travel writer who loves exploring the world. At the moment he can't get enough of the Mediterranean. Based in London he is never happier than on Greek Islands holidays. He is attempting to visit every one of the Greek Islands.

Winter Olympics 2010 - The Winter Olympics Torch Relay From Greece to Vancouver

The highly anticipated 2010 Winter Olympics is almost here. The opening ceremony of the official 21st Winter Olympic Games is of course in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada on February 12, 2010. But prior to this the Winter Olympics Torch Relay has been traveling all over the world since October 30, 2009 to remind people everywhere that the most prestigious athletic event ever broadcasted is at our fingertips.

Helping as official torchbearers will be about 12,000 Canadian citizens overall. These include Canadian celebrities such as Sidney Crosby, the hockey player and the lovely Shania Twain. The Mayor of Victoria was thrilled to have the Torch Relay begin in his city as they have hosted and co-hosted several international sports events with success in the past. Again, Greater Victoria will be in the spotlight which is a very exciting thing for Mayor Lowe and the Mayor-Elect Dean Fortin.

The 2010 Torch Relay was set off with the first torch being carried by the Olympic skier named Vassilis Dimitriadis. Of course this was initiated in Olympia, Greece because that is where these athletic games have their roots. The Olympic Flame or "Torch" is a symbol of the Olympic games because it commemorates the theft of the fire from Greek god Zeus by Prometheus. Where its origins lie, the fire keeps burning throughout the entire Olympic games as celebration and ode to the ancient Olympics.

The route for this Torch Relay began in October in the historical city of Olympia, Greece. After that the enthusiasts took loops back and forth from North America to Europe to Asia, visiting major cities world wide. In November there was a loop to Nova Scotia from Whitehorse, Yukon, and in December the torch lit up Niagara Falls and Windsor. The tour will end right before the opening ceremonies in West Vancouver within the Vancouver BC Place Stadium.

The torches used for this 2010 Torch Relay are made from designers Bombardier Inc.'s Aerospace division. They beautiful white torches that have the Olympics logo and an ode to Vancouver on it. HIDs are not the primary light source rather fire is the main source of energy. Actress Maria Napfliotou played the role of the High Priestess this year and ignited the flame with the use of a parabolic mirror and the sun's ray. Now how about that for pumping us up for the winter games!

Popular Tourist Destinations in Greece

Athens is the capital of Greece and is one of the oldest cities in the world. Athens has a recorded history of about 3,400 years and is the world's most renowned center of archeological research. This cosmopolitan, modern city is a major political, cultural and financial center of the country and has been a world-famous tourist destination for many years. This is an outline of the major attractions in Athens.

The Acropolis is a world-famous historical site and is considered the greatest of all archaeological spots. The majestic Parthenon is located in the Acropolis and is a significant milestone of early Western culture. Millions of people climb the steps of the Acropolis every year to see some of the most amazing structures of the ancient world. The tour also covers many famed archaeological structures other than the Parthenon, including Theaters of Dionysious, Herodes Atticus, the ancient Agoraare and a visit the wonderful new Acropolis Museum.

Athens is a city of museums and its globally renowned National Archaeological Museum seems to be the most important one. It holds an amazing collection of jewelry, sculptures and ceramics of ancient Greece and a 2000 year old computer collected from Antikithera which is a clear manifestation of the technological advancements of the ancient Greeks. For those who like coins, the Numismatic Museum has a great collection, and for history buffs the Benaki Museum is a must.

The vibrant Agora-Athens Central Market on Athinas Street is the city's most popular market that sells every thing including meat, fish and vegetables. The meat market has many round the clock restaurants which offer delicious food at a reasonable price. Visitor may also enjoy a visit to the nearby Eolou Street, the famed pedestrian shopping zone. Climb the picturesque green mountain in the center of the city, Mount Lycabettus and enjoy a marvelous view. The area has a grand café and a famous amphitheater.

Psiri features numerous small streets filled with restaurants, bars, clubs, cafes, theaters and galleries and is the best-known nightlife spot in Athens. There is a fascinating area near Monastiraki square which offers a lot to see and to taste. You can try, for example soupia (grilled cuttlefish) in its little cafes. The Syntagma, Kolonaki, Gazi and Glyfada areas are other popular hot spots. Never miss a visit to the Temple of Poseidon, God of the Sea, located on a mount overlooking the ocean at Sounion.

Walking through Plaka, the historic neighborhood at the foot of the hill near Acropolis is an enjoyable activity in Athens. There are numerous shops including the workshops of some eminent artisans. You may also want to locate the well-known Brettos distillery and many other popular restaurants. The scenic area has several gorgeous 19th century buildings and many famed Byzantine churches as well. Monastiraki is a popular flea market that sells a variety of items. The market has lots of shops and cafes as well as street musician and CD sellers. All in all it is a delightful place for strolling and people watching.

National Gardens located near the Parliament at Syntagma Square is another major attraction. This lovely area with too many trees, fountains and a little zoo is the best place to relax. Temple of Olympian Zeus is another most visited ancient ruin in Athens and this huge temple with the Statue of Zeus was one of the Ancient World's Seven Wonders.

Visit the Hammam baths spa to enjoy an authentic hammam. It is a fantastic and relaxing experience. The unique bath will refresh you as never before. There are many beautiful beaches in Athens Riviera and Glyfada, Varkiza, Crysi Akti (Golden Coast), Lagonisi and Alimos are among them.

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Athens, Greece: Things to Do, Places to See, and How to Get Around

Athens, Greece is an astonishingly beautiful city steeped in history and culture. Tourists flock to Athens all year round, because of the sheer number of tourist attractions to see and experiences to be had in this ancient city. Athens is warm and dry all year round, although it's typically cooler in the winter, which means that tourists can be found in Athens every month of the year.

There are so many sights to see, places of cultural and historical significance, gardens, museums, and more, that discussing them all in one article is nearly impossible. This article will discuss a few of the most famous sites in Athens, for you to be properly acquainted with them before you embark on a trip to the city of Athens, Greece.

Odeon of Herodes Atticus

The Odeon of Herodes Atticus is a vast theatre made of stone. It dates back to Ancient Greece and it has a seating capacity of 5,000 - 6,000 people. It was built by Herod Atticus and dedicated to his wife, Aspasia Annia Regilli. It is one of the primary venues of the Athens Festival and often houses concerts, events and shows. It is located on the Southern Slope of the Acropolis. It's a remarkable sight, especially in the evening during a concert or an event, when floodlights illuminate the entire structure.

Constitution Square

Constitution Square, also known as Syntagma Square, houses the Parliament Building. The Memorial to the Unknown Soldier can found within this square is guarded by Evzones, guards similar to those at Buckingham Palace. You can watch the Change of Guards here every night at 6 PM.

The National Library

The National Library is a beautiful example of neo-classical architecture. It is part of the Danish architect Theophil Feiherr von Hansen's Trilogy, which includes the Athens University and the Academy of Athens. The National Library has in its possession 4,500 Greek manuscripts and is a must-visit for scholars, book lovers and history buffs alike. It is located at the right-hand side of the University of Athens, on Panepistimiou Street.

The Academy of Arts

Situated next to the University of Athens, the Academy is also part of Hansen's Trilogy of neo-classical structures. The building features Ionic columns and sculptures of Plato, Socrates, Apollo and Athena.

The National Garden

Formerly known as the Royal Garden, the National Garden is home to several species of plants and flowers. It is located behind Parliament House, and a gate connects it to the Zappeion, a building that was used as a fencing hall in the first modern Olympics. The National Garden is an ideal place to visit if you feel the need to get in touch with nature while remaining within the city proper.

Ancient Agora

In Ancient Agora, you can find a number of ancient ruins such as the Odeon of Agrippa, massive statues of Tritons and Giants, the Church of the Holy Apostles, the Thesion, the Royal Stoa, and the famous Altar of the Twelve Gods.

Thiseio

Need a little pick me up before you continue with your tour of Athens, Greece? Grab a frappe (an iced coffee drink many Greeks are fond of) and relax in a sidewalk café on Thiseo. Thiseo is filled with quaint coffee shops, eating-places and resting areas; making it an ideal stopover on a busy tour.

Temple of Poseidon

Located in Cape Sounion in Attica, the Temple of Poseidon overlooks the beautiful waters of the Saronic Gulf. Although the famed sunset at the Temple of Poseidon is every bit as breathtaking as they say, if you want to beat the tourist rush, visit early in the morning. The cool air and tranquil atmosphere at the Temple of Poseidon during an early morning visit is balm to the senses.

Acropolis and the Parthenon

You can't visit Athens without dropping by the Parthenon. Located on Acropolis, the Parthenon was a temple for the goddess of wisdom, Athena. The Parthenon was built in the Doric architectural style, and some say it's the finest example of Doric architecture ever made. Only 15 Corinthian columns from the original 104 remain standing; one other column fell down in 1852. Nevertheless, the majestic beauty of each column is guaranteed to make any viewer breathless. The Parthenon can be seen from a distance, especially in the evening, when the entire structure is illuminated by floodlights. Acropolis Hill also boasts a spectacular view of the city of Athens.

Lycabettus Hill

Lycabettus Hill or Mount Lycabettus is the highest point in the city. You can find the Chapel of St George and an open-air theater on its peak. It features a breathtaking view of the city of Athens.

Plaka and Monastiraki

If you want to give yourself a break from sight-seeing, shop for unique souvenirs in Plaka and Monastiraki. Stroll down Ermou, a pedestrians-only street, and browse through the wares of queer little stores that sell everything from vegetable molders to statue replicas to funky shirts to handmade silk roses. You can also find well-known stores such as Armani, D & G and Gucci, along Ermou. Before you embark on a shopping spree in Plaka or Monastiraki, make sure you eat a big meal beforehand and wear comfortable shoes, as you may find yourself staying at the shops for far longer than you think! On a side note, Plaka was built on the site of the residential areas of Ancient Athens.

Getting Around in Athens Greece

Travelling in Greece and taking in the sights can be an extremely rewarding. It can also be quite exhausting. When visiting Athens, you have quite a few options as far as getting around is concerned. You can rent a car or a moped, or you can take the bus. However, rental vehicles are expensive, and taking a bus can prove to be inconvenient, what with all the waiting around at bus stops and having to walk the remainder of the distance to the destination where you're headed. Taxi tours in Athens are a comfortable, inexpensive and entirely novel way of getting around Athens. Athens Taxi, in particular, offers half-day and whole-day tours in Athens, and they also offer tours from Athens to Mycenae and Epidavros. Athens Taxi can also provide a personal guide for you and your group. If you prefer walking tours, Athens Taxi can also arrange for a personal guide to accompany you and to point out the landmarks and provide mini-history lessons and interesting facts.

Learn more about Taxi Tours.

Traveling To Modern Greece To See Many Ancient And Modern Places

Greece, many wonders are popping into my minds that are associated with this word. Greece is the country that has everything: a very rich history, many legends, mighty mythical Gods and picturesque views of its lands and sea. It is a sin not to travel at least once in a lifetime to Greece and plunge into its culture and beauty. Everyone has to try and enjoy living in a house made to look in appearance like Flintstone's house with a luxurious modern touch and unique charm.

People are attracted to Greece like a magnet for a few main reasons.

First, they want to visit archaeological sites there like:

1. Acropolis and Parthenon.

2. Kerameikos Ancient Cemetery of Athens Archaeology Site and Museum.

3. Monument of Lysicrates.

4. Electeion

5. Temple of Zeus Olympios (Olympieion).

6. Athens favorite sunset spot - Cape Sounion in Attica

Second, Greece offers grate fun under the sun on its beaches.

Third, some people are just curious and want to expend their knowledge about Greeks culture. In some cases, it is a call to explore theirs family Greek history. The best way to go there is to fly directly to Athens. In Athens are many things to see and enjoy. No trip to Greece can be complete without visiting attraction #1 there - Acropolis that is crowned with Athena's most famous temple Parthenon. It is a magnificent site to see. It was made more than 2500 year ago, and a big part of it was destroyed by fire and many earthquakes, but in spite of all that it is still astonishing in its appearance.

Attraction #2 - would be Kerameikos Ancient Cemetery of Athens Archaeology Site and Museum. The best time to visit it is late winter early spring when is the rain season. The ruins and all around them are covered then with succulent and vibrant grass giving the place a look of Ireland during summer. It is very beautiful and you can see many artifacts, which will give you a very good idea about how life was in ancient times. It is much to say about different attractions in Athens, but you do not have to stop and see just this city. Greece is a peninsula and is surrounded by 1400 islands. Traveling from one island to another is a hall adventure by itself. I will mention just a few of the most popular and famous Islands. The island of Crete is the biggest of them all. The island can be considered as a new country in itself. It has good roads on the northern side and many archaeological sites to visit and enjoy.

The interior is covered by mountains, and the southern part of the island is less developed then its northern region. One of the archaeological sites there would be The Minoan Palace of Knossos. You can just take a bus to this place and enjoy the restored labyrinths of the palace. Another Island that captured my attention with its exceptional beauty is the island of Santorini. The capital city of the island is Fira. It has superb white buildings with serpentine stairs that take you down to the sea. White churches have blue domes, making the look of the building blend with the blueness of the sky. It is a grate and romantic place were to get married or enjoy a honeymoon.

If you do not have enough time to travel far from Athens, then visit island of Hydra. It is more expensive than other islands but has a charming harbor, good taverns, fun shopping stores. It is much more to go and see in Greece. Travel agencies offer tones of cruises and tours. You just have to invest some time in investigating what kind of vacation you are seeking there. You may find everything from spontaneous and more independent trips by car or bus, to very well guided trips, organized by the travel agencies. It doesn't matter what kind of personality you have, you may find all sorts of sites and activities to enjoy, making unforgettable memories.

Vacation rentals where you can rent a villa directly from the owners. Visit Vacation rentals in Greece, Traval guide and Travel tips for tourist.

Ancient Greece - The Role Of Donkeys, Mules And Horses

Both the donkey and the mule were certainly known and used in antiquity. Mules were employed both for riding and for drawing carts; from 500 B.C. on there were actually mule-cart races in the Olympic games, and one of Pindar's odes celebrates such a victory (Olympian 6, 468 B.C.). Yet what must have been a somewhat undignified event did not maintain its popularity, and it was abandoned in 444 B.C.

One old Athenian mule, who worked long and hard on the construction of the Parthenon, is said by Aelian to have been fed at public expense in the town hall (prytaneion) for the remainder of its life. Donkeys, as today, were used primarily for riding and as beasts of burden. Often associated with the god Dionysos and his rowdy, drunken followers, they are readily identified on painted pots by their characteristic long ears and evidence of sexual arousal. Remains of a donkey were found in the kitchen of a house, a victim of the destruction of Athens by the Herulians in A.D. 267.

Ancient Athenian literature is full of references to the horse, which played a significant role in Athenian social, political, and military life. Athenian sculptors, painters, and potters found horses a popular subject from the beginnings of Greek art to the end of antiquity. The excavation of cavalry archives and victory monuments, as well as the roadway used for processions and the training of horses, has shown that the Agora, focus of so much of Athenian life, was also for centuries the center of equestrian activity in the ancient city.

If you ever visit the island of Santorini you will find out that many of the locals move around with their donkeys and tourists try it too since it is a funny and different experience. If you look at Pictures of Santorini you will be enchanted by the islands beauty. On the island there are many incredible Hotels with magnificent view to choose from.

Ancient Olympia Greece - Pelops and Hippodamia

The first evidence relevant to the worship of Pelops and Hippodamia, in the area of Olympia, appeared during the Mycenaean period.

The mythological tradition of the area is connected to the ancient king of Pisa, Oenomaus, son of the god Ares. Oenomaus had received a prophecy that the end of his life would come with the marriage of his daughter Hippodamia, whom he begot with his wife Sterope. In an attempt to avoid the prophecy, the king announced that he would give his daughter to the one who would beat him in a chariot race. He, however, used unbeatable weapons and immortal horses, gifts from his father. During the races, many brave young men were killed. Oenomaus buried their bodies close to the Hippodrome of Olympia and nailed their heads over the gates of his palace. The last suitor was Pelops, son of Tantalus, who fell instantly in love with Hippodamia and she with him. The only person who could help them was Oenomaus' charioteer, Myrtilus, son of Hermes and gifted with his father's cunning. Pelops promised to give Myrtilus half of Oenomaus' kingdom if he would help him win. Myrtilus accepted and, before the start of the race, he replaced the axle-pins of the king's chariot with wax pegs which, once the race had started, melted and the wheels fell off. Oenomaus became tangled up in the reins and was killed. Pelops, therefore, won the race and took Hippodamia for his wife along with the whole kingdom of Oenomaus. When Myrtilus later tried to rape Hippodamia, Pelops killed him and then went to Oceanus where he was purified by Hephaestus and returned to become king of Pisa, wise and strong. He also renamed the land, which was formerly called Apia, to Peloponissos (the Island of Pelops), or the Peloponnese.

Without doubt, Pelops was the most important mythical person of the Peloponnese. In the sacred grove of Olympia, the inhabitants founded a sanctuary to honour him at which they would offer sacrifices every year. The belief that the Olympic games were established and took place in memory of Pelops was also very popular.

Take a look at some of the best Greece Travel Guides, learn more about the Tour to Olympia and find numerous Greek-hotels/Olympia-hotels/Olympia-hotels.asp">Hotels in Olympia to spend the night.

Festivals and Cultural Events in Greece and Cyprus

When choosing a travel destination, it is easy to become overwhelmed with the vast number of choices. There are so many historical, beautiful, interesting places on this Earth, it is easy to see why many people become frustrated.

Greece, and the Greek islands are by far, one of the top travel destination choices by cultured and choosy travelers. Not only is Greece a wonderland of blue ocean vistas it is also the home of many exciting cultural events.

The Hellenic Festival

This extremely popular festival offers a huge range of performances. Classical music, ballet, opera, both ancient and modern theater, singers, dances and more are featured at this festival that takes all summer to exhaust its supply of entertainment. The festival encompasses the entire city, with many theater performances taking place at the Lykavittos Theater set atop Lykavittos Hill. Neither buses or taxis will take you to the top of this hill, so it is best to leave early to walk the ten or fifteen minutes you will need to get to Lykavittos Theater.

The Epidaurus Festival

This festival takes place annually during the summer months. Held at the ancient (and acoustically perfect) theater of Epidaurus, this festival is held as a part of the larger Hellenic Festival. The Epidaurus Festival is an opportunity to witness plays just as the ancient Greeks did. Adding to the flavor is the fact that the performances are in Greek. Theater goers are provided with programs that translate major languages.

Some tips for enjoying the Epidaurus Festival include dressing warm and bringing a blanket. The theater is outside with most programs starting at 9pm and weather unpredictable, even in the summer months. Best to be prepared. Many of these shows sell out quickly and can only be bought 3 weeks in advance.

The Icarus Festival of Dialogue Between Cultures

Overwhelmingly, Greek cultural events are rooted in the love of music. The Icarus Festival for Dialogue Between Cultures takes place annually on Ikaria, Greece. Traditionally held during the summer, this event hosts performances by artists whose music has been inspired by many cultures. Every year the event is dedicated to a single instrument, 2008 was dedicated to the violin, as it is the favored instrument of the island Ikaria.

The August Moon Festival

Annually, whenever the full moon decides to make its appearance, many sites around Athens are open to the public for free entertainment. The Odeion of Herodes Atticus, the Acropolis, Roman Agora, provide the city with Greek dances, classical music and opera performances. What a spectacular site to behold by the light of the full moon!

Rockwave Athens

The largest rock and roll festival in Greece takes place in July, during the intense heat of summer, and provides the city with some of the hottest international rock bands. This musical event has taken place since 1996 and is still going strong.

Not to be outdone, the Island of Cyprus holds many exciting cultural events as well. As the third biggest island in the Mediterranean sea, this island has direct ties to Greece and many of its festivals are based in the Greek culture.

The Wine Festival in Lemoses attracts thousands of tourists each September to take part of this event. Cyprus, an island known for its extraordinary wine, offers this festival as a means to pay tribute to Dionysus, God of Wine as well as Aphrodite, Goddess of Love and Beauty.

The Lemesos Carnival Parade takes place in February, or approximately 50 days before Easter. Highlights of this annual event include the Children's Carnival Parade, Grand Carnival Parade of groups and chariots, King Carnival and Serenader's Parade. This carnival is held to celebrate the last week of meat-eating before the Apokria or what is referred to as the fasting before Easter. Costumes are prepared for the entire family for this event, and at the end of the event, more than fifty floats parade through the city.

The Festival of Ancient Greek Drama is held during the summer months in Cyprus. The performances are held in three separate theaters throughout Cyprus, each sharing the ancient Greek traditions of tragedy, comedy, treachery, adventure and more with the audience. This festival attracts thousands of people internationally and the venues include: Paphos (Ancient Odeon), Limassol (Kourion Ancient Theater) and in Nicosia (Makarios III Amphitheater).

When it comes to festivals and cultural events, the Greek and Cyprus communities are unmatched throughout the world. These ancient lands are steeped in traditions of beauty, art, culture, wine and drama. There really is no other choice when it comes to choosing this travel destination spot.

Nick Nikolis is working as It Manager in Atlantica Hotels and Resorts a Europe hotels chain currently offering lodging services in Greece Cyprus and Egypt. He operates a small family business Olive Garden Houses as well in Rhodes Greece.

Ancient Greece Delos Island Museum

Certain exhibitions are temporary, while others are in the process of being assembled. Exhibits may change location. All information given in this book was accurate at the time of going to print. All dates should be read as B.C. (Before Christ), unless stated otherwise.

The Museum of Delos is of considerable significance as it houses a variety of very interesting collections, covering an enormous period of time, from the Early Cycladic Period right up to the Roman times. The visitor is thus able to follow the development of sculpture, ceramic, painting, the art of mosaic, etc, from the workshops of Naxos, Paros, Rhodes, Corinth, Euboia, Crete and Attica, among others. It includes a room with finds related to the everyday life on Delos in the second century B.C., unique in its kind, but also an interesting collection of wall paintings of the same period. Finally, the museum has a special room for temporary exhibitions.

In the entrance lobby there is a very helpful model of the ancient town, a replica of the statue of Diadumenos, which was found in the house of the same name (the original of which is in the National Archaeological Museum in Athens), and a wonderful Ionic corner capital, which probably came from the Porinos Naos.

First room of archaic sculpture

This room houses works of sculpture from the Archaic period (seventh and sixth centuries), mainly Kouroi and Kores, the works of Naxian and Parian artists, which together with those of Athens, Samos and Delphi are the most characteristic of the art of this period, the dawn in other words of monumental Greek sculpture. The Kouroi are statues of young men in their prime, represented nude with long hair falling to the back, arms alongside the torso and with the left leg forward of the other. The Kores or maidens are statues of young, graceful women, shown dressed, with long hair and with one hand outstretched in a gesture of offering. Both, Kouroi and Kores, follow Egyptian prototypes such as the large size, the stiffness in the pose, the left leg forward, and the stylized hair. Both types are characterized by an enigmatic smile and were offerings to male and female deities respectively. The artists of Naxos consciously preferred a harmonious stylization to the more natural representation of the body, and their love of a well-worked curve is apparent. Their kouroi are virtually flat chested, with narrow waists and a slightly protruding abdomen. The artists of Paros, on the other side, showed their preference for more athletic builds, with arms and shoulders slightly drawn back so as to emphasize the strong chest. Both schools, however, conform to the common forms of archaic island sculpture.

Unique among its kind is a triangular base with the left foot of a kouros (A 728). On its three corners are sculptured the head of a ram, the head of a Medusa and the head of a lion. On the left side of the base and between the ram's head and the lion's head there is an inscription written in the Naxian alphabet, which reads: "Eutychartides the Naxian made me and dedicated me" in the bustrophedon writing, that is, beginning from left to right and continuing from right to left in the second line and so on. This is possibly the oldest signature of a sculptor in Greece, and dates back to the second half of the seventh century. The waist and thigh of a kouros (A 333), among the finest of this period, a Naxian work from around the end of the seventh century in gray-blue marble, the surface of which has been marvelously preserved. It wears an elegant belt around the waist (a characteristic of the early kouroi), the muscles are represented in a naturalistic way, and the male member was attached to the statue with a lead link. The testicles are rendered in a realistic way. The left leg was slightly forward and the arms were parallel to the body and attached to the sides, while the hips are reminiscent of those of the Colossus of the Naxians. The hips and thighs of a kouros with the wrist of the left hand (A 4052); the surface in front is damaged as it had been used as building material, but the rear is in very good condition. The buttocks are elegant if rather slim in relation to the rest of the body; a Naxian work of the early sixth century. The wrist of a colossal statue (A 4094), which has been identified by some with the Colossus of the Naxians; however, due to the fact that different material was used and that the wrist was attached to a thigh, in contrast to that of the Colossus of the Naxians, this cannot be true. Moreover, it is known that there was more than one statue of such dimensions on Delos. A kouros (A 4085), the breast of which is similar to that of the Colossus of the Naxians; a Naxian work of the mid 7th century. Another kouros of gray-blue marble (A 4048) with very good rendering of the waist, upper arms and thighs; Naxian workshop, between 560550. Part of a kouros from the shoulders to the knees (A 1742); compare the narrow waist in relation to the breadth of the shoulders. The hair fell in a thin layer down the back; Naxian work of the mid 6th century. The torso of a kouros (A 4083) with a thicker waist than usual; Naxos, mid 6th century. A kouros with a rather thick waist and heavy characteristics (A 4045); Parian work, approx. 580. The upper part of a kouros (A 334), badly worn, with hair drawn back, wearing a belt round the waist, which imitates one of metal; Naxian work, last quarter of the seventh century. A kore (A 4062) wearing a peplos ("mantle") with a meander-like band in the middle of it. Half of her hair fell down her back and half to her chest; Paros, between 580 and 570. A small kouros (A 4051) from shoulders to knees; Naxos, mid 6th century. The statue of a Sphinx (A 583), which was a mythological hybrid creature that had a lion's body, a woman's head and wings (missing). The Sphinx is depicted sitting on her hind legs atop an Ionic capital, once colored. At first sight it is reminiscent of the Sphinx of the Naxians, in Delphi. However, it is the work of an artist from Paros, in Parian marble. Notice the rounded face, the archaic smile, and the hair falling along the back of the neck; from the mid 6th century. Monuments of sphinxes standing on tall Ionic columns were common in the sixth century.

A kore wearing a peplos, with beautiful plaits down the chest (A 4067); Parian work, approx. 520. A statue possibly of a goddess (A 4066), from the end of the sixth century. Four small statues of an enthroned Hera from the Heraion (A 3991 to A 3994); end of the sixth century. A series of statues, representing some of the twelve gods of Mt Olympus: Athena (A 4197), Artemis (A 4077), Apollo (A 4092), Hera enthroned (A 4069) and Zeus (A 4054). Judging from the style and technique, they are obviously from the same set of deities and moreover, they were all found near the Dodecatheon. The fact that their rear side is less finely worked seems to indicate that they were originally positioned in front of a wall; Paros, end of the sixth or early fifth century. On the southwest side of the room there are some marble acroteria with the head of Medusa (A 7677 to A 7682), which come from the roof of the Oikos of the Naxians.

Learn more about Delos island and take a look at Pictures of Mykonos and Delos in order to admire their beauty and since there are no hotels in Delos you should probably have a list of Hotels in Mykonos.

Ancient Greece Citizens

When we use the word "citizens" we are usually referring to a group of people who live in the same city, with a common origin, language, customs and laws. According to Plato, the ideal city should have no more than 5000 inhabitants, so that they would all know each other. But in 5th century Athens, things were somewhat different, with approximately 40,000 citizens, 20,000 metoici (resident aliens) and about 100,000 slaves. To these we must also add the women and children, who were never included in the numbers of inhabitants.

The male inhabitants of Athens were divided into three groups: citizens, metoici and slaves. Athenian citizens were only men 18 years of age and older whose forebears had been Athenians for three generations. These fortunate people enjoyed all the rights of free men and could be elected to all the offices of the State. The villager who arrived at dawn from Acharnes in order to take part in the daily draw for participation in some service, had the same possibility of being elected as the son of the old-time aristocrat. This ability to concern one's self with public matters naturally persupposed the existence of leisure time. Athenian citizens preferred not to work, but rather tried to be men of independent means, having others look after the cultivation of their lands and the administration of their property. Manual labour, even artistic creation, was considered by many to be degrading. Despite this, Socrates made a speech urging the poor people to work, even though he himself did precisely the opposite. The need for manpower was often covered by the thetes who were the poorest of the citizens and made their living as workers or as rural day-labourers. In this way, wealthier Athenians were absolutely free to occupy themselves with public matters, primarily with politics. But the poor citizens were obligated to present a certain minimum attendance at the Assembly, and for this reason the state had the foresight to provide some money for those who represented their tribe at sessions and trials, thus at least making good their lost earnings.

All inhabitants paid the same taxes. In addition, the wealthy undertook sponsorships thus acquiring both the moral satisfaction of their contribution and the social prestige. They served in the army in accordance with their income: as knights with their own horse and a suitable retinue, or in the navy as captains of trirenes, which they themselves took care to man. The poor but proud thetes frequently preferred the harsh life of the oarsman, solely to show their identity as free equal citizens, even though the earnings were meagre. Wealthy, poor or destitute, Athenian citizens were all extremely proud of their origin, so proud that they never called their city "Athens" but the "city of the Athenians". Participating in the administration of the Polis was taken for granted for the citizen who voted, judged and, like all people with plenty of free time, took care to be informed about what was happening in the city. This dedication of the Athenians to public life made them obey the laws and worry about any possible breach of the law which would cause them to be downgraded through the loss of their citizen's rights.

One might say that the biographers of the Athenian citizens were Aristophanes, Plato, Xenophon and Plutarch, each from a different point of view. Much of what we know about the working classes is taken from peevish references in the comedies of Aristophanes, whose sharp tongue conceals nothing. He may have been making fun of the village lout, who went to the Agora reeking of garlic to hear a philosopher speak without realising it, but he also gave us information about each person's chances of acquiring knowledge. From the kindly villager Strepsiades in Clouds, we hear complaints about his wife, a woman from the capital city, who makes him wash and take off his comfortable but dirty clothes, and we realise that an unsuitable marriage has always been a disaster. Xenophon, also, was a practical man of the city who fought far away from his homeland, became acquainted with the people of other countries and developed the taste for a city open to all kinds of positive influences, even foreign. This breadth of mind may perhaps have been the natural destiny of a dynamic man who undertook to lead his fellow soldiers from distant Mesopotamia, through the highlands of Armenia, to the shores of the Black Sea, and finally home. Plutarch, too, who was born in Chaeronia in the first century AD, has left us invaluable information about public life and chiefly about certain famous Athenians whom he included in his Lives.

Plato, one of the most significant figures in the history of philosophy, was born of a father who came from the Kodros family, and a mother from that of Solon. He usually wrote in the form of a dialogue in which he himself did not appear, although he put his views into the mouth of Socrates, his teacher. Plato enlivened his social environment in which refined men went to symposia and exchanged views about philosophy or music. At the home of the enormously wealthy Kallias, for example, intellectuals speculated on whether virtue could be taught; they would spend their evenings with music from a lyre accompanying their conversation or perhaps with the occasional song. Although all had some musical training, no one would agree to play the flute, because to do so one had to disfigure one's face by puffing up one's cheeks to make sound. At the most famous supper in history, the participants selected eros (love) as the subject for the evening. This was the Symposium at which well-to-do Athenian citizens represented by aristocrats, men of learning, poets, politicians and philosophers joined together in a lively discussion. Together with Socrates, the invited guest, they also welcomed a poor barefoot man who was fortunate enough to be Socrates' pupil and follower. Each one spoke on the selected topic, expressing his views in a witty and pleasant way. At some point the handsome Alcibiades appeared, roaring drunk, leaning on a courtesan and garlanded with Attic pansies. Even though a great deal of wine was consumed, the discussion continued without exceeding the bounds of propriety, while other groups of revellers were constantly coming and going.

They all agreed that eros has the greatest power since it awakes in human beings abilities to distinguish themselves and that it also is a factor deterring unseemly behaviour, as one is afraid to lose face in the eyes of the beloved. Everybody distinguished the transient physical attraction of Aphrodite from the uncorrupted beauty of Urania who brings souls closer together, approaching perfection. They would say in jest that eros always looks young because by leaving, he avoids growing old; and perhaps he is always immortal because he lives, is lost and is reborn again. They concluded that what is important in love is quality, to whichever sex one's love is addressed, because eros is the purpose and not the object of desire. Such were the surroundings of the golden youth of Athens who, listening to such lofty discussions, would fall in love at will, admired physical beauty and the intellectual vigour of wise men with equal ardour, and whenever required, went into battle where they won awards for valour. Athenian citizens were people who could live in a democratic world with the subtlety of an aristocrat; they obliged Plato to say how praiseworthy was the man who could distinguish between the three gradations in the human personality: free speech, courage and base desires. The ideal citizen never allows the first two to be subjugated by the last.

The large number of metoici was a purely Athenian phenomenon, as xenophobic Sparta kept those who were not from its region at a distance. Athens on the contrary, was open to Greeks from other cities and even to foreigners who wished to live and work in Attica. The metoici had all the obligations of the Athenian citizen but enjoyed very few of his rights. They lived scattered over the townships, paid taxes and served in the army only as hoplites (footsoldiers). They were able to acquire goods and slaves, but were not permitted to own land. They could worship any gods they chose, but had no right to vote nor could they be elected to any important office, only to the lower ones, e.g. as heralds or contractors for public works. Most of them were artisans, merchants and a good number acted as bankers.

Since they constituted the productive class, many of them became wealthy and distinguished themselves through sponsorships, indeed some became legally accepted into the class of citizens. On the contrary, if a metoicos attempted to usurp the rights of the free citizen illegally, then he was downgraded to a slave. In trials, metoici always had to have the support of an Athenian citizen as guarantor and it is characteristic that if a metoicos killed a citizen, he was condemned to death, while if he murdered another metoicos, the punishment was only exile. The children of marriages between citizens and metoici were not considered to be Athenians unless they won general esteem through wealth or special acts. Many famous artists and philosophers in ancient Athens were metoici and it seems that they accepted their treatment as second-class citizens without protest. Generally, Athenian citizens treated metoici with the politeness of a host toward a welcome guest, up to the point where vested interests were affected, and above all the inherited tradition of the state.

Women, in the homes of both citizens of Athens and metoici, had absolutely no right to hold an opinion or to participate in public affairs. The Athenian imagination justified depriving women of their rights since the goddess Athena had won the contest for the naming of the city by just one female vote. It was then that the matriarchy was nearly set aside in favour of the warrior protectors, who never tolerated female initiatives, which is why women were punished by being excluded from any future important decision. This happened at the time of Kekrops who established marriage as a consolation, making it the primary goal in the life of Athenian women. And of course, marriage meant having children, which is why from birth to death, the female Athenian remained confined inside the home. Girls were married very young to a husband selected by their fathers, to whom they owed absolute obedience. They had to be fully familiar with housekeeping, command the respect of the household slaves and be imbued with a spirit of economy. If an educated slave happened to live in the house then there was a possibility that the girls would learn some reading and writing; but more frequently they were taught only music and dancing.

If a daughter happened to be the sole inheritor of the patriarchal fortune, she would be given in marriage to the closest relative on her father's side, even with a brother of the same father, but never one by the same mother, because the genuine blood line was regarded as being only from the side of the mother. In the event of a request for a divorce, the interested woman had to present herself to the Archon, a virtually heard-of procedure. But even if some desperate women dared, the possibilities of being heard were minimal. There is the example of Hipparete, wife of the incorrigible Alcibiades, who at some point, could no longer stand the incongruities of her marriage. The courageous lady took her application to the Archon, but Alcibiades was notified by his friends, and instead of being divorced, caught her and shut her up in the women's section of the house, without anyone objecting.

We have a good deal of information about Athenian women from Xenophon who wrote about a certain Isomachos, about 30 years old, who married an ignorant 15year-old girl and announced her duties to her: to cook, weave, oversee the slaves, avoid waste and above all to be obedient to her husband. Plutarch also spoke of the dignity of Athenian women and the modesty of their dress, as opposed to the athletic young Spartan women whom he referred to contemptuously because they wore short tunics that showed their thighs. But it was Aristophanes who castigated the dynamic women who dared to protest; his Lysistrata demonstrated the opinion of the ancient Athenians about where the power of women lies. In the Ecclesiazouses, he notes sarcastically that everything has always taken place behind closed doors, without disturbing the calm of ignorance and custom.

Perhaps the most succinct indication of the status of women in Athenian society was that of an orator who said that women fall into three categories: courtesans for the delight of the spirit, concubines for pleasure, and wives for the acquisition of legitimate children. It appears that things were so difficult for wives that Solon instituted a law demanding that Athenian men who happened to have property from their wives, visit them in their chambers at least three times a month in order to produce a male heir to carry on the family name. In the Symposium, Socrates noted that men have fewest conversations with their wives, and mentioned the name of a certain Nikiratos who was bound to his wife by true mutual love, a very rare occurrence. Plato, too, suggested that marriage based on love would be better; but this was for the ideal utopian "Republic" and not for the Asty of reality.

The instruments of pleasure, the hetaeres (courtesans), were of two types: the common ones who were called walkers and the special ones, who lived on the support of their rich patrons. Selected from childhood for their physical beauty, they were especially trained to be pleasing. They were the only women who could circulate freely and thus many of the courtesans had the opportunity to receive an education by listening to the various philosophers. In all symposium scenes, we can see young hetaeres. Orchistrides danced and the avlitrides played the flute and chatted with the carefree revellers whom they were entertaining, whose homes were supervised with the zeal of Cerberus by the dignified lady of the house, who always carried bunch of keys at her waist. The homes of the famous hetaeres were open to philosophers and artists, who would meet in a highly intellectual atmosphere; many of these women used their charms for diplomatic or spying purposes: situations as old as society. One famous hetaera was the beautiful, learned Aspasia from Miletus, who so influenced Pericles and so provoked the envy of the Athenians.

Representations on ceramics show us scenes from a very controversial phenomenon, pederasty, which was one outlet for the instincts in a society where women were confined to their apartments and were without interests or education. Another reason was that constant wars kept the male population far from home. The rise in pederasty coincided with the cult of the naked male body which we admire in the young kouroi. But also, in a society where the father, when he was not at war was busy with public matters, it was natural for a boy to seek guidance from some older friend of the same sex, creating a relationship between an experienced person and someone to whom he passes on his knowledge. It is noteworthy that the lovers were always very masculine and never appeared to be feminine or dressed in women's clothes. Plutarch said that when the young man's beard began to grow, that was the end of the relationship, which was socially acceptable.

It was noted earlier that Plato in his Symposium presented a unique analysis of the concept of eros, the beginning and end of which was intellectual unanimity. It is possible that at this very famous supper, Alcibiades in a jest created a jealous scene over Socrates, but he himself, whom Plato called the "image of eros" died in the arms of a famous courtesan Timandra, mother of the equally famous Corinthian Laida. Of the ten people present at the symposium, only two were conscious homosexuals: the host Agathon and his companion Pausanias. As for Socrates, he was presented there as paragon of abstinence, even though he had had too much to drink, and even though he was provoked shamelessly, because in any relationship, what was important was the mind and not the instincts. It seems that pederasty rarely turned into homosexuality. This male companionship was usually limited to teen-age. Moreover, the phenomenon was restricted after the 4th century, when the various presentations on pottery show the great majority of couples to be heterosexual. But let us leave the private life of the Athenians and talk about another social presence in the Polis, that of the slaves.

In order to expand their businesses, metoici bought ever more slaves. Thus a third group of inhabitants of Athens was created: people who had few hopes of improving either their own lot, that of their children or of their children's children. In Attica, slavery had begun in the mythical time of the Pelasgians. The construction workers brought in from elsewhere to build the first Athenian walls annoyed the women and children of the local people at the well from which they all drew water, and for this reason, the angry Athenians took them prisoner and began to use them as servants. According to Plato, true slaves had to be foreigners, mainly prisoners of war; he recommended that his fellow citizens avoid buying enslaved Greeks from other regions. The slave trade flourished in ancient Greece and we wonder how a wise man like Aristotle can refer to these unfortunate creatures as being like wild animals.

The largest slave market in Attica was in Sounion, obviously for the needs of the mines in Lavrion. The slaves who were bought and became metallevomenoi (mine workers) were the most unlucky because few of them lived very long, due to the hard work and appalling conditions. To this day, the Greek word ekmetallefsi means exploitation. Family slaves had a much better fate, even though they too were considered to be a type of property.

When someone bought a slave and took him home, the lady of the house made him sit at the family hearth and the other members of the family sprinkled him with nuts, giving him a name. From that moment on, the slave was an inseparable member of the family and had to participate in sacred rituals. If he had children, they belonged to the family and when he died, they buried him in the family grave. He had no rights, apart from the possibility of appealing to the altar in the Agora, and to request sanctuary if his life was unbearable. But he had to prove his case.

No Athenian citizen or metoicos considered himself to be worthy of respect without a few slaves. It is believed that every home had an average of about 10 slaves, who looked after the household tasks and also accompanied their masters in their public appearances. In wartime, slaves followed on foot, carrying their master's weapons or holding slingshots. In the event that a slave was educated, he served as a teacher of the young people of the family, passing on his knowledge to them and accompanying them to the higher schools and gymnasia. Information has come down to us that quite a few slaves were given their freedom, promoting them to the group of freemen, but the bonds with the family always remained very strong.

Looking at the various inhabitants of Athens, we are often surprised by their way of life and by their values which are frequently incomprehensible to people living today. But we have an enormous obligation to all of them for their contribution to the heritage they left behind: to the wealthy for the mind, to the workers for the art, to the women for maintaining the family, to the slaves for the endless free and creative hours enjoyed by their masters. Pragmatists and poets, merchants and philosophers, warriors and peacemakers, the ancient Athenians cultivated clear thought with their minds which, with boldness of inspiration and freedom of expression, made them the epitome of their age, and the founders of Western civilisation.

To learn more about Athens, the Greek Islands and the rest of Greece take a look at the useful Athens Guide and Greece Guide.

Top 3 Tourist Attractions in Athens, Greece

If you are visiting Athens, then you will want to read this article. Below you will find the top 3 attractions in Athens. Don't waste time here and there, because these are the most important sights.

1) Acropolis and the Parthenon
The rock of Acropolis and the Parthenon is definitely your first choice in Athens. You will walk in the ancient ruins, to a path that leads up, to a breathtaking view, of the city. See Parthenon and admire every handmade sculpted design on the marble. Make sure to visit the new Acropolis Museum. This sightseeing includes a long walk, so be prepared.

2) Ancient Agora
Ancient Agora was the place that ancient Greeks center of politics. It is a green space with view of Acropolis. There you will see the remains of the ancient Forum, the temple of Hephaestus which is the best preserved Greek temple, the Stoa of Attalos and other monuments. Acropolis is very close, so you can combine visiting both.

3) Cape Sounion
You have to take a bus from Athens to go to Sounion Cape. It is a beutiful place, outside the noisy city. There is the temple of Poseidon, God of the Water World. Stop for some moments to enjoy the view of the Aegean Sea. It is a nice idea to go catch the sunset there and maybe end up one of the nice local restaurants there.

Athens is a big city, and there are many things worth seeing. These are the tourists most favored. You may also want to just wander around and discover other minor monuments. Hope you liked this short introduction.

Greece Horses in Ancient Greece

Horses were an integral part of life in ancient Greece; they played an active role in warfare, in transportation, and in the games which were such an important and regular feature of Greek society. Athenian enthusiasm for the horse is expressed in numerous ways in the Agora. Here the Athenian cavalry trained, not far from the hipparcheion, headquarters of its commanding officers. Here, too, some of the popular equestrian events of the Panathenaic games were held, and the Panathenaic procession, with its huge contingent of cavalry riders, passed through on its way up to the Acropolis. Many civic buildings and temples were adorned with paintings and sculptures of riders and battle scenes showing cavalry. Honorary statues of generals or statesmen on horseback and monuments commemorating victories in the equestrian events of the games were set up in the Agora, and vases and small objects decorated with pictures of horses were sold in the marketplace in all periods. As with many other aspects of Athenian life, the Agora is an excellent place to develop and illustrate a picture of horses and horsemanship in antiquity.

The horse is a relative latecomer to Greece, probably introduced at the start of the Middle Bronze Age, around 2000 s.c. The first impression made by mounted riders must have been a vivid one, perhaps giving rise to the legend of centaurs. These creatures-half man, half horse-figure prominently in both Greek mythology and art. Theseus, the national hero of Athens, participated in a major battle between Greeks and centaurs that became a favorite theme for Athenian artists in both vase painting and sculpture. Theseus was also successful in repelling the Amazons, fierce warrior women who usually fought from horseback. They are thought to have come from the steppes north of the Black Sea, where it is now believed the horse was first domesticated, in the years around 4000 BC. Like the centaurs, the Amazons were a recurring and popular subject in Greek art throughout the Archaic and Classical periods.

Other mythical beasts also had equine affinities. Most famous, of course, was the winged horse Pegasos, which came from Corinth but was popular among Athenian artists as well. Another flying equine was the hippalektryon, a cross between a horse and a rooster.

Two deities with a special interest in Athens, Athena and her uncle Poseidon, together served as protectors of horses and patrons of horsemanship and equestrian activities. As such, they shared a cult on Kolonos Hippios (Horse Hill), which lay outside the city walls, not far from the Academy. Here was to be found an altar of Poseidon Hippios and Athena Hippia. The patron god of horses and earthquakes, Poseidon was the brother of Zeus and god of the sea. He was worshiped in this latter guise at the southernmost tip of Attica, at Cape Sounion, where he had a handsome marble temple in the Doric order. In Athens itself, he shared a temple on the Acropolis with Athena, and he was depicted on the west pediment of the Parthenon. According to some traditions he was also the father of Theseus. His equine interests are the subject of a chorus in Aristophanes' play The Knights: Dread Poseidon, the horseman's king, you who love the brazen clash and neighing of warlike steeds. Pleased to watch where the purple-beaked trireme sweeps to the oars' long swing ... but especially where bright youths racing in their chariots flash by.

Athena, patron goddess of all Athens, was credited with the invention of the bridle and the use of chariots:

She also revealed racing chariots and war-horses and in this land first of all men the foster-child of the goddess [Erichthonios] yoked a fully equipped chariot with the aid of the goddess and revealed to all the complete art of horsemanship. (Aristeides, Panathenaikos 43)

Remains of actual horses have been found in a rich tholos tomb of the Late Bronze Age in Attica, at Marathon; here two animals were carefully buried facing each other in the entrance passageway (dromos) in the years around 1400 B.C.

The Homeric epics, which reflect this heroic age, especially the Iliad, are full of horses and horsemanship. Horses are used to draw the war chariots which deliver the heroes to the battlefield, and there are several descriptive passages of harnessing and yoking.

If you decide to come to Athens Greece choose among some of the best Athens Hotels such as the Holiday Inn Athens.

The Beauty of the Cyclades Islands in Greece

In the middle of the Aegean sea spreads the complex of the Cyclades islands.
The special architecture that all the islands of the complex have is the most characteristic feature, a point of reference for everyone who has visited these islands which spread in a distance of hundreds of miles.

The special architecture of small white houses with blue or green windows and doors, and the picturesque villages with the narrow alleys is a tourist attraction today, but it was made for specific reasons and this is what makes it so special.

All the islands are poor in flora therefore they are exposed to the sun, so the white color helped the habitants to keep the houses cool, as for the narrow alleys this had a double role, first to protect from the strong wings that dominate the islands and to protect from the pirates' attacks by forming a natural wall creating a perimeter of protection.

The unique landscape of the Cyclades islands makes the most beautiful contradiction.

The rocks that mirrors on the blue crystal waters, the small white houses scattered all around, the sandy beaches, the bright blue sky above: It's a warm and hospitable place.

HISTORY OF THE ISLANDS

The complex of the Cyclades islands has a history of thousands of years.
Due to their position into the center of the known world of the prehistoric and ancient years, the Cyclades islands where a station for merchandisers and sailors. This gave a boost to the economic and cultural life of the islands.

According to the myth, Cyclades where named after the nymphs Cyclades who Poseidon, the god of the sea transformed into rocks because they caused his anger. A different version is that they where named like this because they form a natural circle around the island of Delos the sacred island of Apollo. (From the Greek word "cyclos", which means "cycle").

The Cycladic civilization is parted in three periods during prehistoric period, the first Cycladic period (3200-2000B.C.), the middle Cycladic period (2000-1550B.C.) and the late Cycladic period (1550-1100B.C.).

During the historic times (1100B.C. - 500B.C.) there was a great flourish in economy and culture with Delos playing the most important role.

During the times of Macedonian and Roman domination (500B.C. - 300B.C.) the islands passed to the domination of Fillip the 2nd, king of Macedonia and then to his son Alexander the great. After the fall of Macedonia the Romans dominated, bringing the decay to all of the islands with only exception Delos which kept flourishing.
During the Byzantine period and the middle ages (300B.C.-1537B.C.) the islands belonged to the Byzantine Empire until 1204 when Konstantinoupolis the capital of Byzantium fell to the Franks. After that and until 1537 the islands where ruled by the Franks. On 1538 the great Pirate Barbarosa, looted the islands and this caused the desolation of some of the islands.

Until 1617 Cyclades decayed and gradually fell under the domination of the Turks. On 1821 they participated on the rebellion of the Greeks against the Turks and contributed to the liberation of Greece.

The complex is consisted of 34 islands from which 23 are being habited.
Each island has a history of his own and apart from the common characteristics, differ in style and aura making each and every one of the islands worth visiting and finding out the unique characteristics and special feeling they have.

The islands have differences in the way they have evolved. The bigger islands, by being centers of commerce, navigation and more recently tourism centers, are cosmopolitan and crowded, especially during summer period.

Syros, Mykonos, Paros, Naxos and Santorini can host even the most demanding and cosmopolitan visitors, having followed the needs of modern times in facilities and entertainment, keeping at the same time the unique features of the complex.
Islands like Amorgos, Sifnos, Andros and Milos are following the steps of evolution, having made great steps in tourist facilities the past years, being like this great tourist destinations as well.

For the ones that whish for something original and outstanding, islands like Anafi, Sikinos, Folegandros and the small Cyclades will fill with magic and reveal the authentic aura of the Cyclades, away from the modern civilization, beyond time.

The best way to enjoy the complex is a small tour to some of the islands according to the needs that everyone wants to fulfill. There is a fully organized navigation network with modern ships with hourly schedules from the ports of Athens to the islands and connecting the islands. Visitors just have to choose which destinations they want to visit. Start with a visit to the capital, Syros and a walk at Ermoupolis with the picturesque alleys, a village with a unique mix in Catholic and Orthodox culture spreading onto two hills. After that, a night at Mykonos letting the senses rule until the morning light. Continue on a cosmopolitan beach of Paros or Naxos. Start a quest on the Paths of Amorgos ending at the monastery of Santa Anna with the grand blue just under the cliff, enjoy the sun at the isolated beach of Roukounas at Anafi and finally take a walk at the castle of Sifnos during sunset where you can literally listen to the Aegean sea breathing!

Some things cannot be measured, cannot be described. If you want to understand the aura of the Cyclades complex, come and see for yourself, magic will overcome you once you enter the complex and from then on the Cyclades islands will be a synonym of joy of life, just let Poseidon, Apollo and Aphrodite take you into their arms.

Learn more about Myconos, Santorini, Delos, and discover the rest of the greek islands, by visiting George Nellas' Website about the greek islands.

The Top 10 Places to Visit in Greece

This is an article about the top 10 places to visit in Greece. There are some things that are "must see" because they are famous, or extraordinary. Read them below

1)Athens
This is something that you should see if you visit Greece. Prepare for some historical walk in the ancient Greek monuments of Acropolis. On top you will find the famous Parthenon with its special atmosphere. Then walk in the Ancient Agora, in Thiseio and In Plaka. Make sure to visit the stunning temple of Zeus, the wonderful national Gardens and wander around the Monastiraki area for shopping.

2)Delphi
It is the ancient oracle's temple. See the ancient temple, walk inside and live this part of history. Next to the temple you will find the museum with many statues and other important pieces of history.

3) Dion
The temple of the ancient God Zeus on the mount Olympus. Dion is the ancient word for Zeus. There you will find what remains from a whole ancient city. Next to the city there is the sacred place with the temples. There are underwater tunnels that are active even today, passing under the houses and the temples.

4) Crete
It is the biggest island in Greece and many say that it's the most beautiful. There you will find wonderful calm sandy beaches. There is also a variety of archeological sites to visit, make sure to see Knosos and Phestos.

5) Thessaloniki
This is the second big city of Greece, although its big, it feels warm and friendly. Explore the ancient byzantine walls and Castles. Walk in the wonderful gardens next to the beach and visit the White Tower.

6) Mykonos
If you like to party in the summertime, this is the ultimate destination. It is a small islands in the heart of Aegean sea. There you will find the traditional looking, white houses with the blue windows. The seafood is excellent and fresh. There are parties every night in all corners of the mainland

7) Rhodes
There you will find medieval town with walls and the Castle created by the knights of Saint John. Make sure to visit Lindos to see the temple of Athena.

8) Corfu or Kerkira
This island is in the Ionian sea. Explore the palace of Princess Sissy, the museum of Asian art, and the Mon Repo Museum. Enjoy the Ionian sea and visit the popular beaches.

9) Samothrace
This is the Island for explorers. In the middle there is the SAOS mountain. Tourists go and climb the mountain and rest in the small pools that the river shapes. This is the place where the ancient initiations Kaviria were taking place, explore the beautiful mountain, the beaches and the archeological sites

10) Everywhere
Greece is a unique country. Every place, feels so different that it is like a new country. The islands, because they are physically isolated from the rest of the country, have their own unique energy. The sea is calm and friendly everywhere, and also, archeological sites, small or big there are in every corner. Many times it will happen to see a random ancient place here and there and all these give a unique experience to those who travel off the beaten path.

I wrote this article from my personal experience. I have been to these places, and so I suggest them. Pick your favorite one, spot it on the map and prepare your journey.

Religion In Ancient Greece

In ancient Greece, the society was based on religion. There are many Greek gods and you may know many of them without even realizing it. Most of the planets in our solar system are named after Greek gods. For example, Uranus is named after one of two founding gods of the world and was revered by the ancient Greeks.

Religion in ancient Greece was based on belief. And, each even had a god associated with it. That is how there were gods of love, war, sea, farming and so on and so forth. The ancient Greeks believed that the gods were physically and intellectually similar to the mortals. The ancient Greek gods were presumed to have emotions and that is why Greek mythology is filled with tales of revenge, greed, jealousy and wars among gods.

Zeus was the King of Gods and the gods fought and planned for dominance either under Zeus or against him. The ancient Greeks believed that their gods resided on Mount Olympus and the gods came into power after defeating the Titans, who were gods before the Olympian gods.

The relationship between the ancient Greeks and their gods was rather complicated. The relationship was personal, geographical or general. In personal relationship with gods, a person interacted directly with the god. In geographical relationship, a god favored a city or state over another city or state. The ancient Greeks believed that the gods decided their fate so with was futile to have freewill or try and outwit the gods. This would explain the sacrifices and gifts the people of ancient Greece would offer to gods if they sought some form of assistance from them. For instance, a sea voyage was never undertaken before making offering to Poseidon, god of sea and ocean.

As ancient Greece started interacting with other cultures through wars, religion started evolving. Religion in ancient Greece was impacted by Islam, Christianity and early Roman belief system which is evident even today in Greece.

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An Overview of Zeus and His Role In Ancient Greece

Zeus is where any discussion of ancient Greek deities should start. In Greek religion, Zeus represented the ultimate god and power.

An Overview of Zeus and His Role In Ancient Greece

The many gods and goddesses found in ancient Greece formed a sort of society, with the twelve (eventually 14) major deities residing on Mount Olympus. From this mythical place, the Greek pantheon looked down on the mortals and other mythical creatures, had interactions with others, and even embarked on love affairs with non-gods. The lead god of those that lived on Mount Olympus was Zeus, the Greek god of sky and thunder, as well as the ruler of Mount Olympus and the highest ranking in the pantheon.

Zeus was the youngest son of the Titans Chronos and Rhea, older gods who were overthrown during the War of the Titans. Chronos had swallowed all of Zeus's siblings, and upon winning his battle with his father, Zeus forced Chronos to disgorge the rest of his children. Some of these siblings became installed gods and goddesses on Mount Olympus, and he even married one of them, his elder sister Hera. His original wife, however, was Dione - but not much is known about this goddess-like figure. His union with Dione, according to the Iliad (by Homer) produced the Olympic goddess Aphrodite.

Zeusalso had many other children by various goddesses and consorts. With his wife Hera, he produced Ares, Hephaestus, Hebe and Eileithyia. His other offspring included Hermes (by Maia), Perseus (by Danae), Dionysus (by Semele), Apollo and Artemis (by Leto), the Muses (by Mnemosyne) and Heracles by Alcmene.

Zeus's powers were not as varied as other gods and goddesses that were his contemporaries, but they were very strong. He had the ability to force the transformation of others, mortals and even mythical creatures, and he also was able to cast thunderbolts at those who had displeased him in any way. Being the "Sky God" made him also appear as the supreme god, and his counterpart in Roman culture, Jupiter, also held this office. Olympia was the site of the biggest cult to Zeus, many people traveled there to worship all of the gods, but the games every four years were specifically dedicated to Zeus.

While Zeus was undoubtedly revered as the head of all religion in ancient Greece, many other gods and goddesses were seen as just as important to specific areas. Zeus was mostly worshiped to appease his easily angered persona, with many sacrifices held to this great god.

Richard Monk is with FactsMonk.com - a site with facts about Greece.

Ancient Greece - Religion

Ancient Greece was a society very much based on religion. With periods of great conquest, the religion underwent many evolutions.

Ancient Greece - Religion

Greek gods were plentiful. You know many of them, even if you don't realize it. A quick look at the planets in the solar system reveals names derived from Greek gods. For instance, Uranus is considered one of the two founding gods of the world by the ancient Greeks. That being said, ancient Greece religion was a bit more complicated than just names.

Religion in ancient Greece was based on belief in what we will call event deities. There were gods for love, war, the sea and so on. The gods were also anthropomorphic, which means the Greeks believed them to be physically and intellectually similar to humans. They were also attributed with strong emotions, as evidenced by the endless tales of their jealousy, revenge and wars.

The Greeks believed Zeus was the king of the gods. In turn, the gods fought and schemed for dominance under and against Zeus. They resided in Mt. Olympus and were known as the Olympians. These Olympian gods had come into power by defeating the Titan, a previous set of gods.

The relationship between the people of ancient Greece and the gods was complicated. The relationship could be personal when a god interacted directly with a person, geographic when a god favored a city or state, or very general. Regardless of the relationship, the Greeks believed the gods decided much of their fate, to wit, free will wasn't much of a factor in the game. Given this view, the Greeks often made sacrifices and gifts to the gods, particularly those they sought assistance from. A long ocean voyage was never undertaken without first making an offering to Poseidon.

As Greece began to interface with other cultures, typically through war, religious views began to evolve. Islam, Christianity and the early Roman belief system had major impacts and all can still be seen today in modern Greece. Alas, the ancient Greece religion of belief in Olympian gods such as Zeus has passed into ancient history.

Richard Monk is with FactsMonk.com - a site with facts about everything. Visit us to read more about Greece.